The therapeutic value of Kariyatu is due to its mechanism of action which is perhaps by enzyme induction. The plant extract exhibits Swertia chirayita (Chirata) has antidiabetic activity. Research studies have shown that the two compounds present in Kariyatu (Swertia chirata) namely the ethanolic extract and the Swerchirin are primarily responsible in controlling the blood sugar level. It also brings down the burning sensation of the body, which is sometimes seen as one of the symptoms in Diabetes. Besides its general use as an immunostimulant agent. A recent study conducted at Bastyr University, confirms the anti-HIV activity of andrographolide.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is also known as Hilba in Arabic, Methi in Urdu and Sanskrit. There are several research centers studying Fenugreek hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects.Test results suggest it can improve peripheral glucose utilization, which contributes improvement in glucose tolerance. Fenugreek appears to exert its hypoglycemic effect by acting at the insulin receptor as well as the gastrointestinal level. Randomized studies have confirmed Fenugreek helps stabilize blood sugar control in patients with insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. In another study, the effect of oral administration of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seed powder, on the mitochondrial enzymes in tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic rats been investigated.. Another study suggested that Fenugreek seeds have antioxidant properties and can be valuable candidates in the treatment of complications of diabeties. It is believed that there are three primary constituents in Fenugreek that are key to its medicinal properties. A muscilaginous fiber (up to 50%), which is responsible for its soothing properties, gastrointestinal benefits, and to a certain extent, glucose modulating properties. Two compounds diosgenin (steroid) and trigonelline (alkaloid), which are responsible for its hormonal and glucose controlling actions.

The therapeutic value of Tinospora Cordifolia (Galo)  is due to its mechanism of action ; Cholagogue, detoxicant, immune modulator, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, anthelminthic, nervine tonic. The aqueous extract of guduchi stem has shown the presence of arabinogalactan that showed immunological activity.

Several studies have shown Extract of Syzygium Cuminii have property of lowering the elevated blood and urine sugar level.It also controls the excess thirst, which is one of the symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus. It contain Glucoside, Jamboline and Ellagic acid which are reputed to have the ability to check the conversion of starch into sugar in case of excess production of glucose. Therefore, Extract of Syzygium Cuminii are also used as a remedy for Diabetes. Use  Extract of Syzygium Cuminii for Diabetes was also confirmed by "Shaligram Nighantu Pharmacopia" in ancient India. Extract of Syzygium Cuminii reduce urine sugar quickly and have been very effective in controlling diarrhoea. Other constituents of the fruit include Resin, albumen, gallic acid, essential  oil and tannic acids.

The liver is an extremely essential organ in maintaining glucose homeostasis in the body. It maintains a normal blood glucose concentration by controlling glycogenesis and glycogenolysis. Picorrhiza kurroa exerts its hepatoprotective & corrective actions due to its glycosides, picrosides I & II.

In the ancient system of Ayurveda when an excess of one taste causes a disease the opposite taste is introduced into the diet with herbs and food to reduce the imbalance. The Indian equivalent of the FDA has approved the manufacture and sale of Neem tablets for the treatment of Diabetes. Diabetes is a disease of excess sweetness so bitter herbs and foods must be used to counteract the imbalance. Neem leaf is very bitter and its powder is used as an active ingredient as an effective cure for diabetes. It has been scientifically proven after a number of tests and research by leading medical institutes, that Neem parts have high efficacy in treating diabetes. Natural Neem tablets are being manufactured and exported the world over for treating large number of patients. Neem leaf powder improves the blood circulation by dilating the blood vessels and also helpful in reducing the need for hypo-glycaemic drugs. According to scientific research undertaken Neem leaf powder help to reduce the insulin requirement. Neem also helps to lower the blood glucose levels.

This fruit, due to its high vitamin "C" content, is effective in controlling diabetes. It stimulates the pancreas and enables it to secret insulin, thus reducing blood sugar levels. It also prevents eye complication in Diabetes. Emblica Officinalis has been recommended by naturopaths for its properties of stimulating the Pancreas which secretes insulin for reducing blood sugar. Emblica Officinalis seeds or dried Emblica Officinalis is equally invaluable for control of Diabetes. In dried Emblica Officinalis (pieces or powdered), vitamins are retained and protected due to the natural antioxidant properties.Vitamin C has shown to prevents eye complication in Diabetes and improve endothelial dysfunction which is postulated to improve insulin resistance.

This fruit embodies all tastes except salt, one of the many reasons it is designated in TAM as a rasayana tonic, good for health and long life.  It is also tridosagna, meaning it can be used with any type of health imbalance.  Furthermore, it is an anulomanum a mild laxative that aids digestion.  Terminalia Chebula is used to nourish the heart, liver, and kidney, and to treat diseases of the eye, for which it is used both internally and externally.

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